Adapting Support Systems to Embrace Change: System Factor #6 in Positive Systems Approach to Managing Challenging Behaviours

Behavioural support systems are vital in addressing and managing behavioural challenges, particularly in individuals with communication disorders, developmental disabilities, or other conditions impacting behaviour. Positive System Approach’s (PSA) System Factor #6, Change, emphasizes the need for flexibility in these support systems. This concept involves adapting to both the immediate and long-term needs of the individual by making adjustments that prevent or reduce challenging behaviours. It also includes using behavioural science strategies, like stimulus change and control, to address triggers and enhance positive behaviour.

This blog explores the importance of change in support systems, delving into how a flexible, responsive approach can significantly improve outcomes for individuals facing behavioural challenges. We’ll examine environmental modifications, communication tools, the role of stimulus control and stimulus change, and how to support individuals with respect and dignity.

Introduction to System Factor #6: The Importance of Change

For individuals managing behavioural challenges, a supportive environment can make a profound difference. However, creating a supportive environment isn’t a static process; it requires ongoing evaluation, adaptation, and change. System Factor #6 — Change — refers to the support system’s flexibility in adapting strategies to suit evolving needs and circumstances. This approach includes modifying stimuli that may trigger or reinforce undesired behaviours, using tools that facilitate communication, and implementing structures that allow positive behaviours to thrive.

The need for change in support systems comes down to two core principles:

1. Individualization: Behavioural needs are unique to each person, so a one-size-fits-all approach won’t work.

2. Flexibility: The effectiveness of interventions may vary over time, requiring regular reassessment.

Understanding the role of flexibility in behavioural support systems is foundational to effectively managing and promoting positive behavioural changes.

Behavioural Concepts in Change: Stimulus Change and Stimulus Control

Two critical behavioural principles underlying System Factor #6 are stimulus change and stimulus control. Both concepts are rooted in behavioural psychology and are essential for designing strategies that minimize the occurrence of challenging behaviours by addressing the external environment and setting specific behavioural boundaries.

Stimulus Change

Stimulus change involves altering aspects of the environment that may act as triggers for undesired behaviours. Modifying the environment can prevent aggressive or disruptive responses, making it easier for individuals to cope with their surroundings. Here’s some examples of how it works:

• Noise Reduction: If loud noises provoke anxiety or aggression, support systems can use noise-canceling headphones or create quieter spaces to minimize this trigger.

• Lighting Adjustment: Bright or flickering lights can be distressing, especially for individuals with sensory sensitivities. Dimming lights or using natural light can reduce stress.

• Activity Diversion: Introducing alternative activities can shift attention away from triggers. For example, if aggression arises during transitions, providing a structured visual schedule can smooth the process and reduce uncertainty.

Stimulus Control

Stimulus control teaches individuals to associate certain behaviours with specific settings or conditions, helping them understand where and when a particular behaviour is appropriate. This approach involves:

• Discriminative Stimuli: Teaching that certain behaviours, like loud vocalizations or sensory-seeking activities, are acceptable in designated areas (e.g., a “safe zone”) helps manage these behaviours without stifling expression.

• Positive Reinforcement: Rewarding positive behaviours in structured environments, like completing tasks without aggression, reinforces desirable responses.

• Functional Communication Training (FCT): FCT teaches alternative ways to express needs or frustrations, such as using picture boards or devices, to reduce reliance on aggression as a form of communication.

By adjusting the environment and setting appropriate behavioural expectations, stimulus change and control help support systems address behavioural challenges while allowing individuals to retain autonomy and dignity.

The Role of Environment in Behavioural Support

Environmental modifications can be instrumental in preventing behavioural triggers. Environments should be tailored to the individual's sensory, social, and cognitive needs. Let’s explore a few examples of effective environmental adjustments:

 Noise and Sensory Management

Certain sensory experiences can heighten distress, especially in individuals with sensory processing differences. Noise reduction through headphones, quieter rooms, or soundproofing can alleviate stress. Sensory-friendly lighting, with natural or dimmable options, reduces overstimulation. Additionally, incorporating sensory breaks, like quiet rooms or designated sensory-friendly spaces, offers a haven where individuals can self-regulate.

Structured Transitions and Schedules

Transitions can be challenging, particularly for individuals who thrive on routine. Sudden changes can lead to stress or aggression, but structured transitions can mitigate these responses. Visual schedules, timers, and auditory cues provide predictability, allowing individuals to prepare for changes. These tools also encourage autonomy as individuals learn to anticipate and manage transitions on their own.

Communication Supports

Communication limitations can significantly impact behaviour, often leading to frustration or aggression when individuals struggle to express their needs. Implementing augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, such as picture boards or speech-generating devices, enables individuals to express themselves. As individuals gain confidence in communicating, aggressive responses typically decrease, replaced by more effective, positive interactions.

The Importance of Individualized Approaches

No two individuals are identical in their behavioural needs or responses, meaning that each support plan must be uniquely tailored. Effective support systems take into account factors such as:

• Sensory Profile: Some individuals may be more sensitive to sensory stimuli, requiring sensory-friendly environments.

• Communication Ability: Individuals with limited verbal communication may need AAC tools and training.

• Cognitive Functioning: Individuals may differ in their ability to understand and adapt to expectations, so strategies must be suitable for each person’s cognitive level.

• Preferred Activities: Introducing personalized activities that align with an individual’s interests can reduce the likelihood of disruptive behaviour.

The more a support system is tailored to the individual, the greater the likelihood of success.

Dynamic Nature of Behaviour: Adapting to Change Over Time

Behavioural needs and responses evolve. An approach that once worked may no longer be effective, especially as circumstances or environments change. Support systems must be adaptable to accommodate these shifts:

• Evaluating and Adjusting Interventions: Regular assessments can help identify if an approach remains effective or if adjustments are necessary.

• Monitoring and Collecting Data: Continuous observation and data collection allow support teams to identify patterns and predict behavioural responses, making it easier to tailor interventions.

• Emphasizing Continuous Improvement: Behavioural support is an ongoing process, with new strategies, tools, and techniques emerging. Flexibility enables support teams to integrate these advancements to better serve individuals.

Behavioural science recognizes that a rigid approach can stymie progress, while flexibility fosters positive, lasting change.

Avoiding Rigid Approaches: Promoting Adaptability and Collaboration

A rigid support system can frustrate individuals and support teams alike. Without the ability to adapt, interventions can become ineffective, causing behaviours to worsen rather than improve. Key principles that encourage adaptability include:

• Collaborative Planning: Involving caregivers, educators, therapists, and family members in planning fosters a holistic approach.

• Feedback Loops: Regular communication between team members allows for constructive feedback and timely adjustments.

• Empowering Individuals: Empowerment plays a key role in promoting positive behaviour. Giving individuals the tools and freedom to make choices respects their autonomy and promotes cooperative behaviour.

Change in Circumstances and Life Transitions

Life changes, like moving to a new home, starting a new school, or transitioning to a different routine, can impact behaviour. Support systems must be prepared to reassess and adapt to these circumstances to provide continuity in assistance.

• Routine Adjustments: A new setting might necessitate different routines. For instance, a quieter area may require more social interaction supports.

• New Behavioural Cues: New environments may present unknown triggers, which need to be promptly identified and managed.

• Building Familiarity: Gradual exposure to new environments and consistent routines help individuals adapt with minimal stress.

Continuous Learning: Staying Informed on Evidence-Based Practices

Staying informed about new research and approaches can elevate the effectiveness of support systems. Evidence-based practices are continually evolving, and the flexibility to incorporate these advancements ensures that support systems remain effective.

• Training and Professional Development: Providing continuous learning opportunities for support staff can enhance their ability to adapt interventions.

• Research Integration: Integrating new findings, like emerging technologies or behavioural therapies, supports the use of the most effective strategies available.

Promoting Respect and Dignity Through Flexible Support Systems

A flexible support system is a reflection of respect for each individual’s autonomy, needs, and preferences. Adapting to each person’s unique situation shows that they are valued and respected.

• Involving Individuals in Decision-Making: Wherever possible, allowing individuals to participate in developing their support plans fosters a sense of ownership and respect.

• Prioritizing Dignity: Flexibility in support systems shows respect for the individual’s capacity for growth and their right to make choices.

• Celebrating Small Successes: Acknowledging progress, no matter how small, affirms each individual’s journey toward positive change.

Conclusion: Embracing Change as a Cornerstone of Effective Behavioural Support

In Positive Systems Approahc, System Factor #6, Change, highlights the essential role of adaptability in behavioural support systems. By incorporating flexibility, environmental adjustments, and evidence-based strategies like stimulus control, support teams can address behavioural challenges in a respectful, dignified manner. The ultimate goal is to create an environment where individuals can thrive, express themselves, and build positive behavioural patterns with the help of a compassionate and adaptable support system.